Sep 25 2009 - HP's Pavilion Slimline s5160f is a feature packed slim desktop PC that is great for those looking at a media focused system without a huge price tag. The system comes equipped with a Blu-ray combo drive for high defintion movie playback and a over the air digital HDTV Tuner. Performance isn't too shabby either with a quad core processor and DDR3 memory. And if you want to use it as an HDTV tuner, wireless keyboard, mouse, remote and network adapter keep the cable clutter to a minimum. And all of this for under $900.

Pros

  • Blu-ray and HDTV Tuner Built-In
  • Wireless Networking, Keyboard and Mouse
  • Strong Performance With Quad Core CPU and DDR3 Memory

Cons

  • Several USB Ports Used By Wireless Adapters
  • Limited Upgrade Options
  • Could Really Use eSATA Port

Description

  • Intel Core 2 Quad Q8200 Quad Core Desktop Processor
  • 6GB PC3-8500 DDR3 Memory
  • 750GB 7200rpm SATA Hard Drive
  • Blu-ray Reader and DVD+/-RW Dual Layer Burner Combo Drive
  • NVIDIA GeForce G210 Graphics Card With 512MB Memory
  • Intel HDA 7.1 Audio With Stereo Speakers
  • Gigabit Ethernet, 802.11b/g/n Wireless
  • Six USB 2.0, DVI-D, HDMI, 6-in-1 Card Reader, ATSC TV Tuner
  • 13.4" x 4.2" x 10.9"
  • Vista Home Premium 64-bit, Cyberlink DVD Suite, MediaSmart, Works, Norton Internet Security

Guide Review - HP Pavilion Slimline s5160f Slim Desktop PC

Sep 25 2009 - HP's Pavilion Slimline s5160f is a small desktop that is aimed at those looking to use the system for a media center or even a home theater PC. This slim desktop system comes packed with a variety of multimedia features. The most notable of these are the Blu-ray combo drive for playback of Blu-ray or DVD movies and the HDTV tuner for use with over the air digital broadcasts. Both of these are key to its media focus but other small details such as the IR blaster for controlling other devices and the NVIDIA GeForce G210 graphics card help.
Performance isn't too shabby in the Pavilion Slimline s5160f either. The system uses an Intel Core 2 Quad Q8200 processor and 6GB of DDR3 memory. While this is a fairly low end quad core model from Intel, it does extremely well with the multitasking and multimedia applications. It would have been nice to see a higher model, but with its under $900 price, it isn't surprising.
HP does a great job of keeping wire clutter to a minimum which is very useful for home theater entertainment centers. The system comes with a wireless keyboard, mouse and a media center remote. It also comes with an 802.11b/g/n wireless networking adapter for easy connection for all those streaming media services like Hulu or Netflix. The only real drawback is that these wireless features require the use of USB dongles that plug into the back reducing the overall number of available USB ports.
Users hoping to potentially upgrade the Pavilion Slimline s5160f may be a bit disappointed. The system is already packed leaving essentially no room for any additional items as all memory and expansion slots have been used. There isn't even space for a secondary internal hard drive. This makes the limited number of USB ports even more noticeable. An eSATA port would be a smart idea for HP's next revision.


A computer network is a group of interconnected computers. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics. This article provides a general overview of some types and categories and also presents the basic components of a network.

A computer network allows computers to communicate with many other and to share resources and information. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded the design of the "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first operational computer network in the world. Development of the network began in 1969, based on designs begun in the 1960s.

Connection method
Computer networks can also be classified according to the hardware and software technology that is used to interconnect the individual devices in the network, such as Optical fiber, Ethernet, Wireless LAN, HomePNA, Power line communication or G.hn. Ethernet uses physical wiring to connect devices. Frequently deployed devices include hubs, switches, bridges and/or routers. Wireless LAN technology is designed to connect devices without wiring. These devices use radio waves or infrared signals as a transmission medium.
ITU-T G.hn technology uses existing home wiring (coaxial cable, phone lines and power lines) to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) local area network.


Wired Technologies
Twisted-Pair Wire - This is the most widely used medium for telecommunication. Twisted-pair wires are ordinary telephone wires which consist of two insulated copper wires twisted into pairs and are used for both voice and data transmission. The use of two wires twisted together helps to reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic induction. The transmission speed range from 2 million bits per second to 100 million bits per second.



Coaxial Cable – These cables are widely used for cable television systems, office buildings, and other worksites for local area networks. The cables consist of copper or aluminum wire wrapped with insulating layer typically of a flexible material with a high dielectric constant, all of which are surrounded by a conductive layer. The layers of insulation help minimize interference and distortion. Transmission speed range from 200 million to more than 500 million bits per second.


Fiber Optics – These cables consist of one or more thin filaments of glass fiber wrapped in a protective layer. It transmits light which can travel over long distance and higher bandwidths. Fiber-optic cables are not affected by electromagnetic radiation. Transmission speed could go up to as high as trillions of bits per second. The speed of fiber optics is hundreds of times faster than coaxial cables and thousands of times faster than twisted-pair wire.


Wireless Technologies
Terrestrial Microwave – Terrestrial microwaves use Earth-based transmitter and receiver. The equipment look similar to satellite dishes. Terrestrial microwaves use low-gigahertz range, which limits all communications to line-of-sight. Path between relay stations spaced approx. 30 miles apart. Microwave antennas are usually placed on top of buildings, towers, hills, and mountain peaks.



Communications Satellites – The satellites use microwave radio as their telecommunications medium which are not deflected by the Earth's atmosphere. The satellites are stationed in space, typically 22,000 miles above the equator. These Earth-orbiting systems are capable of receiving and relaying voice, data, and TV signals. Cellular and PCS Systems – Use several radio communications technologies. The systems are divided to different geographic area. Each area has low-power transmitter or radio relay antenna device to relay calls from one area to the next area.



Wireless LANs – Wireless local area network use a high-frequency radio technology similar to digital cellular and a low-frequency radio technology. Wireless LANS use spread spectrum technology to enable communication between multiple devices in a limited area. Example of open-standard wireless radio-wave technology is IEEE 802.11b.


Bluetooth – A short range wireless technology. Operate at approx. 1Mbps with range from 10 to 100 meters. Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol for data exchange over short distances.


The Wireless Web – The wireless web refers to the use of the World Wide Web through equipments like cellular phones, pagers,PDAs, and other portable communications devices. The wireless web service offers anytime/anywhere connection.


Scale
Networks are often classified as Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Campus Area Network (CAN), Storage Area Network (SAN), etc. depending on their scale, scope and purpose. Usage, trust levels and access rights often differ between these types of network - for example, LANs tend to be designed for internal use by an organization's internal systems and employees in individual physical locations (such as a building), while WANs may connect physically separate parts of an organization to each other and may include connections to third parties.


Functional relationship (network architecture)
Computer networks may be classified according to the functional relationships which exist among the elements of the network, e.g., Active Networking, Client-server and Peer-to-peer (workgroup) architecture.


Network topology
Computer networks may be classified according to the network topology upon which the network is based, such as bus network, star network, ring network, mesh network, star-bus network, tree or hierarchical topology network. Network topology signifies the way in which devices in the network see their logical relations to one another. The use of the term "logical" here is significant. That is, network topology is independent of the "physical" layout of the network. Even if networked computers are physically placed in a linear arrangement, if they are connected via a hub, the network has a Star topology, rather than a bus topology. In this regard the visual and operational characteristics of a network are distinct; the logical network topology is not necessarily the same as the physical layout. Networks may be classified based on the method of data used to convey the data, these include digital and analog networks.


Types of networks

Personal area network
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices close to one person. Some examples of devices that are used in a PAN are printers, fax machines, telephones, PDAs and scanners. The reach of a PAN is typically about 20-30 feet (approximately 6-9 meters), but this is expected to increase with technology improvements.















Local area network
A local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small physical area, like a home, office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport. Current wired LANs are most likely to be based on Ethernet technology, although new standards like ITU-T G.hn also provide a way to create a wired LAN using existing home wires (coaxial cables, phone lines and power lines).
For example, a library may have a wired or wireless LAN for users to interconnect local devices (e.g., printers and servers) and to connect to the internet. On a wired LAN, PCs in the library are typically connected by category 5 (Cat5) cable, running the IEEE 802.3 protocol through a system of interconnected devices and eventually connect to the Internet. The cables to the servers are typically on Cat 5e enhanced cable, which will support IEEE 802.3 at 1 Gbit/s. A wireless LAN may exist using a different IEEE protocol, 802.11b, 802.11g or possibly 802.11n. The staff computers (bright green in the figure) can get to the color printer, checkout records, and the academic network and the Internet. All user computers can get to the Internet and the card catalog. Each workgroup can get to its local printer. Note that the printers are not accessible from outside their workgroup.
All interconnected devices must understand the network layer (layer 3), because they are handling multiple subnets (the different colors). Those inside the library, which have only 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet connections to the user device and a Gigabit Ethernet connection to the central router, could be called "layer 3 switches" because they only have Ethernet interfaces and must understand IP. It would be more correct to call them access routers, where the router at the top is a distribution router that connects to the Internet and academic networks' customer access routers.
The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to WANs (Wide Area Networks), include their higher data transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines. Current Ethernet or other IEEE 802.3 LAN technologies operate at speeds up to 10 Gbit/s. This is the data transfer rate. IEEE has projects investigating the standardization of 40 and 100 Gbit/s.


Campus area network
A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area. It can be considered one form of a metropolitan area network, specific to an academic setting.
In the case of a university campus-based campus area network, the network is likely to link a variety of campus buildings including; academic departments, the university library and student residence halls. A campus area network is larger than a local area network but smaller than a wide area network (WAN) (in some cases).
The main aim of a campus area network is to facilitate students accessing internet and university resources. This is a network that connects two or more LANs but that is limited to a specific and contiguous geographical area such as a college campus, industrial complex, office building, or a military base. A CAN may be considered a type of MAN (metropolitan area network), but is generally limited to a smaller area than a typical MAN. This term is most often used to discuss the implementation of networks for a contiguous area. This should not be confused with a Controller Area Network. A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance. A networked office building, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group of nearby buildings.


Metropolitan area network
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that connects two or more local area networks or campus area networks together but does not extend beyond the boundaries of the immediate town/city. Routers, switches and hubs are connected to create a metropolitan area network.


Wide area network
A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e. any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries ). Less formally, a WAN is a network that uses routers and public communications links Contrast with personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs), which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area (e.g., a city) respectively. The largest and most well-known example of a WAN is the Internet. A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic area (i.e. one city to another and one country to another country) and that often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies. WAN technologies generally function at the lower three layers of the OSI reference model: the physical layer, the data link layer, and the network layer.


Global area network
A global area networks (GAN) (see also IEEE 802.20) specification is in development by several groups, and there is no common definition. In general, however, a GAN is a model for supporting mobile communications across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc. The key challenge in mobile communications is "handing off" the user communications from one local coverage area to the next. In IEEE Project 802, this involves a succession of terrestrial WIRELESS local area networks (WLAN).


Virtual private network
A virtual private network (VPN) is a computer network in which some of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger network (e.g., the Internet) instead of by physical wires. The data link layer protocols of the virtual network are said to be tunneled through the larger network when this is the case. One common application is secure communications through the public Internet, but a VPN need not have explicit security features, such as authentication or content encryption. VPNs, for example, can be used to separate the traffic of different user communities over an underlying network with strong security features.


A VPN may have best-effort performance, or may have a defined service level agreement (SLA) between the VPN customer and the VPN service provider. Generally, a VPN has a topology more complex than point-to-point.


A VPN allows computer users to appear to be editing from an IP address location other than the one which connects the actual computer to the Internet.


Internetwork
An Internetwork is the connection of two or more distinct computer networks or network segments via a common routing technology. The result is called an internetwork (often shortened to internet). Two or more networks or network segments connected using devices that operate at layer 3 (the 'network' layer) of the OSI Basic Reference Model, such as a router. Any interconnection among or between public, private, commercial, industrial, or governmental networks may also be defined as an internetwork.
In modern practice, interconnected networks use the Internet Protocol. There are at least three variants of internetworks, depending on who administers and who participates in them:
1. Intranet
2. Extranet
3. Internet


Intranets and extranets may or may not have connections to the Internet. If connected to the Internet, the intranet or extranet is normally protected from being accessed from the Internet without proper authorization. The Internet is not considered to be a part of the intranet or extranet, although it may serve as a portal for access to portions of an extranet.


Intranet
An intranet is a set of networks, using the Internet Protocol and IP-based tools such as web browsers and file transfer applications, that is under the control of a single administrative entity. That administrative entity closes the intranet to all but specific, authorized users. Most commonly, an intranet is the internal network of an organization. A large intranet will typically have at least one web server to provide users with organizational information.


Extranet
An extranet is a network or internetwork that is limited in scope to a single organization or entity but which also has limited connections to the networks of one or more other usually, but not necessarily, trusted organizations or entities (e.g., a company's customers may be given access to some part of its intranet creating in this way an extranet, while at the same time the customers may not be considered 'trusted' from a security standpoint). Technically, an extranet may also be categorized as a CAN, MAN, WAN, or other type of network, although, by definition, an extranet cannot consist of a single LAN; it must have at least one connection with an external network.


Internet
The Internet consists of a worldwide interconnection of governmental, academic, public, and private networks based upon the networking technologies of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is the successor of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by DARPA of the U.S. Department of Defense. The Internet is also the communications backbone underlying the World Wide Web (WWW). The 'Internet' is most commonly spelled with a capital 'I' as a proper noun, for historical reasons and to distinguish it from other generic internetworks.
Participants in the Internet use a diverse array of methods of several hundred documented, and often standardized, protocols compatible with the Internet Protocol Suite and an addressing system (IP Addresses) administered by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and address registries. Service providers and large enterprises exchange information about the reachability of their address spaces through the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), forming a redundant worldwide mesh of transmission paths.


Basic hardware components
All networks are made up of basic hardware building blocks to interconnect network nodes, such as Network Interface Cards (NICs), Bridges, Hubs, Switches, and Routers. In addition, some method of connecting these building blocks is required, usually in the form of galvanic cable (most commonly Category 5 cable). Less common are microwave links (as in IEEE 802.12) or optical cable ("optical fiber"). An ethernet card may also be required.


Network interface cards
A network card, network adapter, or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It provides physical access to a networking medium and often provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses.


Repeaters
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher power level, or to the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. In most twisted pair Ethernet configurations, repeaters are required for cable which runs longer than 100 meters.


Hubs
A network hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied unmodified to all ports of the hub for transmission. The destination address in the frame is not changed to a broadcast address.


Bridges
A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges do not promiscuously copy traffic to all ports, as hubs do, but learn which MAC addresses are reachable through specific ports. Once the bridge associates a port and an address, it will send traffic for that address only to that port. Bridges do send broadcasts to all ports except the one on which the broadcast was received.
Bridges learn the association of ports and addresses by examining the source address of frames that it sees on various ports. Once a frame arrives through a port, its source address is stored and the bridge assumes that MAC address is associated with that port. The first time that a previously unknown destination address is seen, the bridge will forward the frame to all ports other than the one on which the frame arrived.


Bridges come in three basic types:

  1. Local bridges: Directly connect local area networks (LANs)
  2. Remote bridges: Can be used to create a wide area network (WAN) link between LANs. Remote bridges, where the connecting link is slower than the end networks, largely have been replaced with routers.
  3. Wireless bridges: Can be used to join LANs or connect remote stations to LANs.


Switches
A network switch is a device that forwards and filters OSI layer 2 datagrams (chunk of data communication) between ports (connected cables) based on the MAC addresses in the packets. This is distinct from a hub in that it only forwards the packets to the ports involved in the communications rather than all ports connected. Strictly speaking, a switch is not capable of routing traffic based on IP address (OSI Layer 3) which is necessary for communicating between network segments or within a large or complex LAN. Some switches are capable of routing based on IP addresses but are still called switches as a marketing term. A switch normally has numerous ports, with the intention being that most or all of the network is connected directly to the switch, or another switch that is in turn connected to a switch.
Switch is a marketing term that encompasses routers and bridges, as well as devices that may distribute traffic on load or by application content (e.g., a Web URL identifier). Switches may operate at one or more OSI model layers, including physical, data link, network, or transport (i.e., end-to-end). A device that operates simultaneously at more than one of these layers is called a multilayer switch.
Overemphasizing the ill-defined term "switch" often leads to confusion when first trying to understand networking. Many experienced network designers and operators recommend starting with the logic of devices dealing with only one protocol level, not all of which are covered by OSI. Multilayer device selection is an advanced topic that may lead to selecting particular implementations, but multilayer switching is simply not a real-world design concept.


Routers
A router is a networking device that forwards packets between networks using information in protocol headers and forwarding tables to determine the best next router for each packet. Routers work at the Network Layer of the OSI model and the Internet Layer of TCP/IP.

In the world internet recognize some term about web, www, website, web pages, and homepage. To civil people, the term might possibly be interpreted are same. There are some our society mention the address of complete with augmentation, for example homepage: www.ilmukomputer.com or website: www.tutorialfree.net or address sites: www.slametriyanto.web.id and others.
That is true, just valid mention some the sentence because that is true its center; core is same that is mentioning address site able to be visited. To know the meaning which in fact, here there are a few/little review of some term in internet which is often met.

www (Word Wide Web) : is representing corps of web server from functioning whole world provide the data and information to be used together.
Web : is facility hypertext capable to present the data in the form of text, draw the, voice, animation, and other multimedia, where among the data each other related/relevant and correlate one with other. To facilitate in reading the data needed by a web browser like Internet Explorer, Netscape, Opera, and also Mozilla Firefox
Website : is representing repository of data and information of pursuant to certain topic. Supposed of this web site like containing book of certain topic.
Web Pages : is representing a special page;yard from certain situs web. Supposed by of this main page web like to main page of book.
Homepage : is representing containing page; yard wrapper of table of contents or menu from a website.

To design the web not such a heavy work and not such a light work. What its intention? Design the web is not heavy work of its meaning is whoever can master and make it so long as owning willingness to learn. But design the web (web design) is not light work of its meaning is everybody do not have the wide of ability about some aspect which must be known by appearance of to web draw so that many incoming visitor.
For example, when we make a homepage (main page of the web) very old process to access. Why that thing can be happened? That all resulted [by] a rule inexistence of[is level of the main page file. So that to be our page; main page easy to accessed by all visitor it is of course have to have the knowledge in to design the web.

A. Tips to Make Professional Web
  1. Homepage (main page) your site must be can accessed maximal 8 second or can be accessed to [pass/through] the minimum connection network internet 28,8 kbps. If process connect require the very long time, this matter is potency will the loss of customer (visitor) which do not forbear staying await too long time. Finally our situs will not be visited to by process al candidate customer.
  2. Sure include META Tag on your every web page. META Tag is code that possible search enginet (as Google) to determine the relevant key word from your website.
  3. Choose background colour that appropriate, do not use colours influencing text to be read. Site colour to be the expression of your heart. Orange colour is symbolise happiest but purple colour or black is symbolise bleak and dark. Because that, choose colour is appropriate to your site according to content on that site.
  4. Use animation according needed, do not too more because can influence concentration of user when to reading information. Other that, animation also can pursuing access to your homepage. A good animation not can be guarantee your site attention for user or visitor.
  5. Main page of site must more specific so that every visitor can to know product on the market. For example, if your site are consultation institute as good as consuting services on the market displayed on main page your site. Do not let visitor to feel confuse with your site are not clear about product on the market.
  6. Avoid advertisement installation (banner) on top your website. Limit amount banner will displayed, maximal 2 and good idea is 1 banner. More and more banner limit, more long time processing to access and will very disturb user concentration when user visit your site.
  7. Check the wrong spelling and sure image and link have good linked before displayed on internet. Wrong on spelling or write url address resulting that page will “ERROR”. If the site are one or some error page to be that site as not professional.
  8. Complete your site with easy navigation button and arranged natty on top, bottom, left or right. If used image button, need remember that processing to access more long time. Why? because image have enough big size, and as we know that the site maximal have size not more 100kb.
  9. If must using Frame, used precisely. On base, using Frame on the site will look not professional. Avoid the page need “scroll”, this infleuencing visitor less balmy to searching information so that will go out quickly from your site.
  10. Calculate click limit is needed to move from one page to other page. If too more click will very boring for visitor. You can applying navigation system is more balmy with including logo on every pages.
  11. If using “JAVA” on your website, use precisely. Offering “Java” or ” No Java” to visitor because can influencing performance each browser. Avoid the pop up banner that will make visitor to be boring.
  12. Do not add “autoplay” sound when user visit your site. Is good if offering, will use intro include audio or to the point to main page.
  13. Check your site with more type browser because each browser have difference performance.

B. Web Design Principle
When your starting thinking to design the website, you need to think how choose color is correct so that will to give separate assessment for visitor about website are you made and how design layout can help “design cooperation” on a team.
The good design almost not look, but if design is bad so that will giving affect amazing. If your website design is good and information layout also help every visitor easy using that website, visitor surelly will back searching your site. But if you not think how design and choose good color so will giving influencing for that user/visitor. If this is matter happened, do not hoping user/visitor will be back visit your site.

C. Graphic Design Software
On designing web, we can not separated from software to image processing as part from website. There are some tool graphic design can used to help on make beautiful website is:
  1. Adobe Photoshop (http://www.adobe.com) : this software very popular and can be used to make and editing graphic or fotography.
  2. Adobe Illustrator (http://www.adobe.com) : this software used to make vector picture and can be used to make illustration.
  3. PaintShop Pro (http://www.jasc.com) : this software same as Adobe Photoshop, less sophisticated but still loss popular than Adobe Photoshop.
  4. Macromedia Firework (http://www.adobe.com) : this software very same as Adobe Photoshop but this tool being based on vector. This software permitting all element can be edited again and can integrated with Macromedia Dreamweaver.
  5. Macromedia Flash (http://www.adobe.com) : this software can used to make animation and vector base to website.
D. Graphic Format
Graphic/image in the website can giving fantastic visual effect to that website, but can adding time connection affect of more images are displayed. Graphic on the web can in the form of static, animation and photography.
To be connection to website more quickly, need to known more file format are often used on the website, is:
GIF : have 8-bit colors, support transparent image, compressing color area with solid, to reduce color limit and cooperative to process download as correct, also can be used to make animated graphic.
JPG : have 24-bit colors, taking care of quality brightness and hue is found on photo, can saved on high or low resolution, a file JPG can also be used low resolution version from image is look when image downloading, not support transparent image.
PNG : support 8-bit colors, compressing solid color area, taking care of sharpening, support transparent image, compression more sophiscated than GIF because can compressing amout 10-30% less small than GIF.


By Michael Holley

http://www.swtpc.com/mholley/Apple/allied_computer.htm

When I was going to the College of San Mateo (1975-1977) I worked at a local computer store, Allied Computers. My job was to assemble computers kits. This included IMSAI, Processor Tech, SWTPC and any other kit that a customer wanted assembled. I would take my pay in computer parts. The first pay check was a SWTPC CT-1024 terminal followed by a SWTPC 6800 computer. By November of 1976 I had a complete system running BASIC.


Chet Harris, the store owner, was trying to set up a chain like the Byte Shops and Computer  Land. I got to meet some interesting people then, like a field trip to Bill Godbout's where we met Bill and George Morrow. Chet and I went to the Computer Shack store in San Leandro to talk with the management in early 1977. Radio Shack claimed trademark infringement on name Computer Shack so it was changed to Computer Land.


One of our customers at Allied Computer was Bill Kelly. He was working for Regis McKenna Advertising on the Apple II introduction. He has a web page that talks about the early days at Apple Computer. (www.kelleyad.com/Histry.htm)  He had worked on the Intel account and had an Intel SDK-80 evaluation board that he gave me in exchange for a power supply for his prototype Apple II board. (I still have that SDK-80 board with tiny BASIC.)


We sold Apple II main boards before the plastic case was ready. The boards were available around April 1977. Apple had difficulty with the plastic case. The early prototype (and production} units did not have the vent slots on the case. I think they were flying the tooling back and forth from Los Angles to San Jose. The factory was in one place and the tool designer was in the other.

Allied Computer was a distributor for Apple and Chet had tried to interest Mike Markala in investing in his enterprise but Mr. Markala was going with Apple.  He got Mike Markala to come to his store to demo the Apple II computers. I sat at a table with him for several hours demonstrating the Apple II.


One Saturday Chet came in with the first two Apple II computers built, Serial number 1 and 2. (This was in June 1977.) Chet Harris had gone to the Apple factory in Cupertino to pick them up. He sold #1 to a friend of his and I took #2 home with me. I hooked it up to our color TV and loaded various games.  I showed the system to friends for a week or so until the power supply died. It went back to Apple and I never saw that unit again.


In October 2005 I told this story to Bruce Damer and he knew where serial number 2 ended up. Bruce visited Jef Raskin (formerly with Apple Computer) in January 2005 and got to see Jef's Apple 1 and Apple II serial number 2.


Because Allied Computer was a distributor I went to other local computer stores to deliver products. The computer store personal we impressed with the graphics and sound that the Apple II provided. This was the first computer they had seen with those features. They also liked the memory expansion capabilities the Apple had. They would order the 4K units and add in more memory.


During the time of Apple II development I attended the Homebrew Computer Club meetings at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Auditorium. Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs also were there. I remember Steve Wozniak showing an Apple prototype in the lobby. I also remember Steve Jobs bringing the prototype Apple II case to a meeting.


My system is a Southwest Tech 6800 with 36k of memory, dual mini floppies, a Hazeltine 1500 video terminal, and a Trendata1000 Selectric terminal. The small box on the disk drive is my low cost modem. This photo is from the Northwest Computer News, July 1978



This is what you'll see when you run the software for the first time (because you haven't created a project yet). When you create a project, the Name you gave it will be displayed on this page, as a hyperlink. Clicking the link will open the project.
At the bottom of the screen, there are two buttons: "New Project" and "Open Project". To get started, click the "New Project" button. When you do, you'll see this dialogue box appear:

As a beginner, you'll normally want the option selected: "Windows Application", in the "Visual Basic Projects" folder. This means that you're going to be designing a programme to run on a computer running the Microsoft Windows operating system.


If you look in the Name textbox at the bottom, you'll see it says "WindowsApplication1". This is the default name for your projects. It's not a good idea to keep this name. After all, you don't want all of your projects to be called "WindowsApplication1", "WindowsApplication2", etc. So click inside this textbox and change this Name to the following:
Keep the Location the same as the default. This is a folder inside of your "My Documents" folder called "Visual Studio Projects". A new folder will then be created for you, and its name will be the one you typed in the "Name" textbox. All of your files for your first project are then saved in this folder.
Click the OK button, and the Visual Basic NET design time environment will open. It will look like the following (the 2008 edition is just the same):
Using Form
n the Visual Basic NET design time environment, the first thing to concentrate on is that strange, big square in the top left. That's called a form. It's actually the pretty bit of your programme, the part that others will see when they launch your masterpiece. Granted, it doesn't look too attractive at the moment, but you'll soon discover ways to lick it into shape.
To run the form, try this:
  1.  From the menu bar, click Debug
  2.  Alternatively, press the F5 key on your keyboard
  3.  From the drop down menu, click Start
  4. Your programme is launched















Click the Red X on the form to stop it from running. You will then be returned to the software environment.

Using ToolBox
Things like buttons, textboxes, and labels are all things that you can add to your Forms. They are know as Controls, and are kept in the Toolbox for ease of use.
The Toolbox can be found on the left of the screen. In the picture below, you can see the toolbox icon next to Form1:

To display all the tools, move your mouse over the toolbox icon. You'll see the following automatically appear:
















There are seven categories of tools available. The toolbox you'll be working with first is the Common Controls toolbox. To see the tools, click on the plus symbol next to Common Controls. You'll see a long list of tools:




















As you can see, there are an awful lot of tools to choose from! For this first section, we'll only be using the Button, the TextBox and the Label.
If you want to keep the toolbox displayed, click the Pin icon next to the X. To close the toolbox, simply move your mouse away.

Adding a Tool (Control) to your Form 
With the tools displayed, do the following:
















Notice the small squares around the textbox. These are sizing handles. Move your mouse over one of them. The mouse pointer turns into an extended line with arrowheads. Hold your left mouse button down and drag outwards. The textbox is resized. Play around with the sizing handles until you're happy with the size of your textbox.
One thing you will notice is that you can't make the size any higher, but you can make it wider. The reason why you can't make it any higher is because the default action of a textbox is to have it contain only a single line of text. If it's only going to contain one line of text, Microsoft reasoned, there's no reason why you should be able to change its height. A textbox can only be made higher if it's set to contain multiple lines of text. You'll see how to do this soon.
  1. Create two more textboxes by double clicking on the textbox icon in the toolbar (Or Right-click on the selected textbox and choose Copy. Then Right-click on the Form and choose Paste.)
  2. Resize them to the same size as your first one 
  3. Line them up one below the other with space in between 
  4. Try to create something that looks like the one below 


















Adding a Label to your Form
Let's add some labels near the textboxes so that your users will know what they are for.
  1. Locate the label control in the toolbox
  2. A new label is added to your form
  3. It should look like the one below















Click on the label to select it. Now hold your left mouse button down on the label. Keep it held down and drag it to the left of the textbox.
Create two more labels, and position them to the left of the textboxes. You should now have a form like this one:



















To see what your Form looks like as a programme, click Debug > Start from the menu bar. Or press F5 on your keyboard:













To stop the programme from running, you can do one of the following:
1. Click the Red X at the top right of your Form
2. Click Debug > Stop Debugging from the menu bar
3. Press Shift + F5 on your keyboard


















You can also click the Stop button on the VB toolbars at the top, as in the image below:




Properties
Those controls you added to the form (textboxes and labels), and the form itself, are called control objects. You can think of controls as things, something solid that you can pick up and move about. Controls (things) have properties. If your television were a control, it too would have properties: an On/Off button property, a colour property, a volume property, and a ... well, what other properties would your television have? Think about it.
The properties of your television will have values. The On/Off button would have just two values - On or Off. The volume property could have a range of values, from zero to ten, for example. If the value of the volume property was set to ten, the loudest value, then you'd probably have some very angry neighbours!
In VB.NET, you can change a property of a control from the Properties Box. (You can also change a property using code, which you'll do quite a lot.) If we go back to our Form object, and the properties and values it has, we can see how to change them using the Properties Box. We'll change only one of these values for now - the value of the Text property . 
So, do this:
On the right of the design environment there should be the following Properties box:



















If your Properties box says "Textbox1 Textbox" or "Label1 Label" then you haven't yet selected the Form. Click away from the textbox or label until the Properties box reads "Form1 Form"
What you are looking at is a list of the properties that a form has: Name , BackColor, Font, Image, Text, etc. Just to the right of these properties are the values for them. These values are the default values, and can be changed. We're going to change the value of the Text property.
First, you might want to display the list of Properties in a more accessible form. You can display the list properties alphabetically. To do that, click the Alphabetic icon at the top of the Properties box, as in the image below:
We'll change only one of these values for now - the value of the Text property . So, do this:




















 "Text" is a Property of Form1. Don't be confused by the word "Form1" next to the word "Text". All this means is that the current value of the Text property is set to the word "Form1". This is the default.
To change this to something of your own, do this:
  1. Click inside the area next to "Text", and delete the word "Form1" by hitting the backspace key on your keyboard
  2. When "Form1" has been deleted, type the words "My First Form"
From : http://www.homeandlearn.co.uk/NET/vbNET.html  (for more details visit this site)

In the world internet recognize some term about web, www, website, web pages, and homepage. To civil people, the term might possibly be interpreted are same. There are some our society mention the address of complete with augmentation, for example homepage: www.ilmukomputer.com or website: www.tutorialfree.net or address sites: www.slametriyanto.web.id and others.
That is true, just valid mention some the sentence because that is true its center; core is same that is mentioning address site able to be visited. To know the meaning which in fact, here there are a few/little review of some term in internet which is often met.

www (Word Wide Web) : is representing corps of web server from functioning whole world provide the data and information to be used together.
Web : is facility hypertext capable to present the data in the form of text, draw the, voice, animation, and other multimedia, where among the data each other related/relevant and correlate one with other. To facilitate in reading the data needed by a web browser like Internet Explorer, Netscape, Opera, and also Mozilla Firefox
Website : is representing repository of data and information of pursuant to certain topic. Supposed of this web site like containing book of certain topic.
Web Pages : is representing a special page;yard from certain situs web. Supposed by of this main page web like to main page of book.
Homepage : is representing containing page; yard wrapper of table of contents or menu from a website.

To design the web not such a heavy work and not such a light work. What its intention? Design the web is not heavy work of its meaning is whoever can master and make it so long as owning willingness to learn. But design the web (web design) is not light work of its meaning is everybody do not have the wide of ability about some aspect which must be known by appearance of to web draw so that many incoming visitor.
For example, when we make a homepage (main page of the web) very old process to access. Why that thing can be happened? That all resulted [by] a rule inexistence of[is level of the main page file. So that to be our page; main page easy to accessed by all visitor it is of course have to have the knowledge in to design the web.

A. Tips to Make Professional Web
  1. Homepage (main page) your site must be can accessed maximal 8 second or can be accessed to [pass/through] the minimum connection network internet 28,8 kbps. If process connect require the very long time, this matter is potency will the loss of customer (visitor) which do not forbear staying await too long time. Finally our situs will not be visited to by process al candidate customer.
  2. Sure include META Tag on your every web page. META Tag is code that possible search enginet (as Google) to determine the relevant key word from your website.
  3. Choose background colour that appropriate, do not use colours influencing text to be read. Site colour to be the expression of your heart. Orange colour is symbolise happiest but purple colour or black is symbolise bleak and dark. Because that, choose colour is appropriate to your site according to content on that site.
  4. Use animation according needed, do not too more because can influence concentration of user when to reading information. Other that, animation also can pursuing access to your homepage. A good animation not can be guarantee your site attention for user or visitor.
  5. Main page of site must more specific so that every visitor can to know product on the market. For example, if your site are consultation institute as good as consuting services on the market displayed on main page your site. Do not let visitor to feel confuse with your site are not clear about product on the market.
  6. Avoid advertisement installation (banner) on top your website. Limit amount banner will displayed, maximal 2 and good idea is 1 banner. More and more banner limit, more long time processing to access and will very disturb user concentration when user visit your site.
  7. Check the wrong spelling and sure image and link have good linked before displayed on internet. Wrong on spelling or write url address resulting that page will “ERROR”. If the site are one or some error page to be that site as not professional.
  8. Complete your site with easy navigation button and arranged natty on top, bottom, left or right. If used image button, need remember that processing to access more long time. Why? because image have enough big size, and as we know that the site maximal have size not more 100kb.
  9. If must using Frame, used precisely. On base, using Frame on the site will look not professional. Avoid the page need “scroll”, this infleuencing visitor less balmy to searching information so that will go out quickly from your site.
  10. Calculate click limit is needed to move from one page to other page. If too more click will very boring for visitor. You can applying navigation system is more balmy with including logo on every pages.
  11. If using “JAVA” on your website, use precisely. Offering “Java” or ” No Java” to visitor because can influencing performance each browser. Avoid the pop up banner that will make visitor to be boring.
  12. Do not add “autoplay” sound when user visit your site. Is good if offering, will use intro include audio or to the point to main page.
  13. Check your site with more type browser because each browser have difference performance.

B. Web Design Principle
When your starting thinking to design the website, you need to think how choose color is correct so that will to give separate assessment for visitor about website are you made and how design layout can help “design cooperation” on a team.
The good design almost not look, but if design is bad so that will giving affect amazing. If your website design is good and information layout also help every visitor easy using that website, visitor surelly will back searching your site. But if you not think how design and choose good color so will giving influencing for that user/visitor. If this is matter happened, do not hoping user/visitor will be back visit your site.

C. Graphic Design Software
On designing web, we can not separated from software to image processing as part from website. There are some tool graphic design can used to help on make beautiful website is:
  1. Adobe Photoshop (http://www.adobe.com) : this software very popular and can be used to make and editing graphic or fotography.
  2. Adobe Illustrator (http://www.adobe.com) : this software used to make vector picture and can be used to make illustration.
  3. PaintShop Pro (http://www.jasc.com) : this software same as Adobe Photoshop, less sophisticated but still loss popular than Adobe Photoshop.
  4. Macromedia Firework (http://www.adobe.com) : this software very same as Adobe Photoshop but this tool being based on vector. This software permitting all element can be edited again and can integrated with Macromedia Dreamweaver.
  5. Macromedia Flash (http://www.adobe.com) : this software can used to make animation and vector base to website.
D. Graphic Format
Graphic/image in the website can giving fantastic visual effect to that website, but can adding time connection affect of more images are displayed. Graphic on the web can in the form of static, animation and photography.
To be connection to website more quickly, need to known more file format are often used on the website, is:
GIF : have 8-bit colors, support transparent image, compressing color area with solid, to reduce color limit and cooperative to process download as correct, also can be used to make animated graphic.
JPG : have 24-bit colors, taking care of quality brightness and hue is found on photo, can saved on high or low resolution, a file JPG can also be used low resolution version from image is look when image downloading, not support transparent image.
PNG : support 8-bit colors, compressing solid color area, taking care of sharpening, support transparent image, compression more sophiscated than GIF because can compressing amout 10-30% less small than GIF.

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